Describe the different forms of disguise and deception that feature in the Twelfth Night

Disguise and deception play significant roles in Shakespeare's romantic comedy Twelfth Night. Shakespeare places emphasis on these somewhat â€Å"wickedness† (A2 S2 L26) traits to somehow create a traditional romantic comedy; where despite the negative ideas of disguise and deceit play a prominent role, love blossoms and a happy ending prevails. The tireless use of these ideas in different forms and guises, which endure throughout the whole play highlights the themes of love, madness and appearance versus reality; where disguise and deceit both take credit for possessing a major responsibility in providing twists, turns and humor in the main and sub-plots. Orsino is the first character introduced to the play. He is the Duke of Illyria and therefore the most powerful character implemented into Shakespeare's play. Upon his arrival to the story, he immediately disguises his ignorance of love by speaking in poetics form to deceive the audience and the characters around him. If music be the food of love, play on† (A1 S1 L1) is promptly contrasted in line 7 â€Å"Enough, no more; ‘Tis not so sweet as it was before†. This contradiction implicates his ignorance of what love is really about. His vocabulary and figurative language, both influenced by poetic speech does well to fool everyone that he is not what he se ems. People would see Orsino as a likeable character that carries the aura that he can achieve anything; he is a self-absorbed man who thinks very highly of himself.What is the difference between a figurative and a literal analogy? But this is obviously not the case as Orsino has been shown to be just like everyone else, even with his power in Illyria, Orsino has his flaws too. Feste also uses his language to disguise aspects of his character. However, contrasting the stance of Orsino, Feste shows his wit and intelligent by smugly playing on words and with the medium of music. An example of Feste's clever play on words was during the conversation he had with Viola who was at the time disguised as Cesario; â€Å"†¦ send thee a beard† (A3 S1 L45). Although everyone had been fooled by Viola in convincing them that the Cesario character is real, Feste (who is the fool) hints that he may know Cesario's true identity. Feste himself does not describe himself as Olivia's fool â€Å"but her corruptor of words† (A3 S1 L37). Indeed it can be viewed that he is only paid to be the fool, to act like a madman with wit; and in actual fact he is the most sane character and intelligent in the play. He shows his intelligent by irrelevantly expressing his words in another language, â€Å"cucus, non facit monachum:† (A1 S5 L53). Feste is the only character wrapped up in all the plots yet keeps an outside perspective of each by showing no emotion in his speech or actions. But in light of this, his emotions are brought to the surface when he entertains people with his music. The realization that Feste is has the most knowledge of love, or what real love is, begin to seep through as he sings. â€Å"What is love? ‘Tis not hereafter, Present mirth hath present laughter:† (A2 S3 L48). Unlike Orsino who believes that everything will work out okay when you fall in love, Feste believes that the future is always uncertain â€Å"What's to come is still unsure† (A2 S3 L50). He also concretes his perspective that love should not wait as we will not be young forever; â€Å"Youth's a stuff will not endure† (A2 S3 L53). Although his character does not show emotions whilst playing his role in each plot; his music, which varies from melancholy ballads to contemplative, express that there is much more to Feste than meets the eye. Feste's past is shrouded in mystery, and elements of his past still live in his music. â€Å"And we'll strive to please you everyday† (A5 S1 L 407) ends the play. Regardless of his past that he disguises through music, Feste feels that his duty now is to make people laugh. He expresses with this idea that our duty in life is to be happy and to make others happy, something he harassed Olivia about in Act1 as she mourned her brother's death. Despite many features of Feste's character that show his has much more depth than what we are led to believe; he also uses disguise and deceit to concrete his role as a fool, a clown who provides humor and entertainment for the audience. â€Å"Sir Topas the curate, who comes to visit Malvolio the lunatic† (A4 S2 L22). Upon learning of Sir Toby and Maria's gulling of Malvolio, Feste decides to join in the fun. He does this by pretending to be someone else when visiting Malvolio, to further his torture and suffering. Malvolio and Feste's turbulent past had been briefly documented when in Act 1 Malvolio says â€Å"I marvel your ladyship takes delight in such a barren rascal† (A1 S5 L81). It's interesting to take into account that Feste is supposed to be the fool of the play, but he doesn't setup the humorous gulling of Malvolio and fails to provide the entertainment and humor Sir Toby Belch and Sir Andrew Aguecheek bring to the play. Instead Feste takes part of the humor only with revenge on his mind and not to provide humor, and relies only on quick plays on words to supply humor. This could be Feste disguising that he is not comfortable with his role in life as the fool. Viola's role in the play is purely based on the ideas of disguise and deceit. She initially deceives everyone by disguising herself as a man, Cesario, in order to serve Orsino, â€Å"For such disguise as haply shall become: The form of my intent† (A1 S3 L54). In doing so she deceives everyone else in the play, with the exception of Feste, and as a result causes confusion among and between the characters and mayhem in the overall play. As a result of her disguise, Olivia and her brother Seabastian, get married as she thought that Sebastian was Cesario, â€Å"would thou'dst be rul'd by me! † (A4 S2 L63). That's an example of confusion resulting from Viola's disguise. Mayhem is caused when the jealous Sir Andrew Aguecheek attacks the tough and skilled Sebastian, assuming he was the soft and timid Cesario. As a result of this attack, Sebastian beats down Sir Andrew Aguecheek and causes mayhem and tension between characters like Olivia and Sir Toby Belch, â€Å"Where manners ne'er were preach'd! Out of my sight! † (A4 S1 48). These are just two examples of confusion and mayhem instigated by Viola's disguise. Other examples include the conversation between Sebastian and Feste, when the latter thought Sebastian was Cesario, â€Å"†¦ ungrid thy strangeness† (A4 S1 L15); and when Antonio thought he was backstabbed by Sebastian, but was in reality talking to a clues Viola, â€Å"Thou hast, Sebastian, done good feature shame† (A3 S4 L375). The many outcomes of Viola's disguise bring entertainment and humor to the audience to add comedy to the romance. In disguising herself as Cesario, Viola falls in love with Orsino to bring the romance aspect to the play, â€Å"Whoo'er I woo, myself would be his wife† (A1 S5 L42). This deceit also intertwines humor and romance, with Olivia falling in love with Cesario causing the humor, and the unspoken love from Viola to Orsino bringing out the romance. Viola is like Feste in the sense that they both play on words; both doing so as a way of showing that there is more to them than what meets the eye. She almost cries out to Orsino by telling giving hints as to her true identity, â€Å"I am all the daughters of my father's house,: And all the brothers too† (A2 S5 L121), often speaking in riddle. She also has an encounter with Feste where she counters his play on words that he may know her identity by saying, â€Å"I am sick for once, [Aside] thought I would not have it grow on my chin† (A3 S1 L47). In countering in a war of wits, she riddles to Feste that she is in fact a woman. Viola's brother Sebastian also manages to have a role in the deceit over his short period of time in the play. His only relationship that occurs throughout the play is with Antonio, the man who saved his life. There are suggestions that Antonio has repressed homosexual feelings for Sebastian that he disguises by pretending to only be his close friend, â€Å"If you will not murder me for your love, let me be your servant† (A2 S1 L34). Sebastian himself lives part of the play in deceit by pretending to know what is going on when he enters the plot when he has no idea. He asks â€Å"Are all the people mad? † (A4 S1 L26). Nevertheless, even though he believes everyone to be mad, he plays along with Olivia who believes he is Cesario, and living in this dream, Sabastian marries her. This serves of the purpose of enhancing the romantic conclusion to the play. Olivia herself is in self-deceit. The mourning over her brother's death is very dramatic, but she just lives the idea of mourning as she feels that this would do the death of her brother justice. However, this mourning does not last long. Feste manages to entertain a mourning Olivia, much to Malvolio's chagrin, â€Å"I marvel your ladyship takes delight in such a barren rascal† (A1 S5 L81). She attempts to disguise all this under a veil, but to no avail as her real personality shone through. Olivia as part of her mourning, promised that no man would see her face â€Å"till seven years' heat† (A1 S1 L26). But regardless of this, falls in love with Cesario, â€Å"Unless, perchance, you come to me again,:To tell me how he takes it† (A1 S5 L285). Olivia is disguising her flirtatious movements towards Cesario by pretending that she only wants her to come back to bear news of Orsino's reaction to her rejection. To further disguise her feelings, and deceive her promise and herself even more, she tells a blatant lie to Malvolio, â€Å": he left this ring behind him,† (A1 S5 L305). Her deceit shows that an esteemed â€Å"virtuous maid† like herself also has flaws. It also provides a lot of humor for the audience, as a woman falling in love with another woman dressed as a man provides entertainment for the audience. â€Å"I marvel your ladyship takes delight in such a barren rascal† (A1 S5 L81). This quote has a lot of deceit attached to it. Malvolio is jealous that Feste can entertain Olivia even when she is mourning. This is because he has feelings for Olivia which is later exposed in the play, â€Å"‘Tis but fortune, all is fortune† (A2 S5 L23), this being his initial belief that Olivia loves him, even before reading the letter from Maria. Malvolio disguises his true colours by being the unlikable Puritan character in the play. In fact, Malvolio's true colours show him to be an arrogant, hypocrite who is even more unlikable than his initial Puritan personality. His arrogance provides humor for the audience as he thinks, â€Å"that all that look on him love him† (A2 S3 L151) and makes him looks stupid. He deceives everyone to believing that he is a Puritan character and deceives Olivia into thinking he is a nice person. However in actuality, Feste is the fool who in reality is the most intelligent and sane character of the play, after mocking Feste, we learn that Malvolio is the opposite. He acts as if he is the most intelligent and sane character of the play when he's really the fool of the play, the character who provides the most humor. He believes Olivia is playing along with his game, when he speaks to her at her level and with added sexual connotations, â€Å"To bed? Ay, sweetheart, and I'll come to thee† (A3 S4 L31). This provides the most humor, as he believes that they are disguising their love and deceiving all the other character when in reality, he is the only person being deceived. He looks like the fool, and the gulling of Malvolio in particular gives the audience added satisfaction because he is such an unlikable character. The mastermind behind the gulling of Malvolio has also disguised aspects of her personality. The others see Maria as jus the maid of Olivia, but as the play moves on we as an audience, and the characters of the play learn that Maria is cunning and more intelligent than what she lets everyone believe. She deceives everyone by masterminding the gulling of Malvolio. She also has self-deceit along with Sir Toby Belch as both have hidden feelings for each other, which they refuse to acknowledge. We know of this because by the end of the play, the two get married. Looking at their relationship throughout the play, Maria is the mother figure who takes care and guides Sir Toby Belch, â€Å"Ay, but you must confine yourself with the modest limits of order† (A1 S3 L8). But we gain knowledge that she is not fulfilling the mother role, but more the role of a wife. Sir Toby Belch is also a scheming character within the play as he deceives Sir Andrew Aguecheek into challenging Cesario to a fight for his own personal entertainment, as both Aguecheek and Cesario are seen as cowards; thus Sir Tovy creating his own sub-plot. Sir Andrew Aguecheek is as a clumsy coward of a knight. However Aguecheek's past is a mystery to the audience, and we have a sense that there is much more depth to Aguecheek than what meets the eye when he says, â€Å"Someone loved me once too†. This shows that Aguecheek has disguised himself to be a clumsy and immature man when in reality he has feelings too, and has a more sensitive side to his character. He also disguises himself to be a brave knight by challenging Cesario to a fight as he feels this would win Olivia's heart. However, as seen through his letter, Aguecheek is a coward who couldn't hurt anyone. â€Å"and God have mercy on one of our souls! He may have mercy on mine,† (A3 S4 L167), Aguecheek provides humor by his supposedly threatening letter. The fact he ends this letter by calling Cesario â€Å"Thu friend† (A3 S4 L 169), shows him to be a nice but gullible man. He is gullible to Sir Toby's instructions and the direction Sir Toby leads him into. The play as a whole is one big disguise. â€Å"An improbable fiction† (A3 S4 L127) is what Fabien describes the play to be. He acts as if the real life situation is like a play, and in essence makes it all a play within a play. The characters share dialogue that expresses what they are trying to say but also has a double meaning, which tells the audience that the play is not real life and is essentially just a play. â€Å"You are now out of your text: but we will draw the curtain and show you the picture† (A1 S5 L235). This is an example of subtly letting the audience realize that they should not be fully wrapped up in the play as it is just a play. This idea coincides with what Olivia is saying in the context of the play as she is letting Viola see her face. The play contains a number of little subtexts to regularly remind the audience that the play is fictional. All these subtexts are disguised within the context in which the character is talking about. There is obviously an inextricable link between both the ideas of deceit and disguise, as when one of the ideas is created, the other promptly follows; as is seen in throughout the play. Twelfth Night is situated in the genre of â€Å"romantic comedy†, and both of which have been built upon from the foundations disguise and deceit have created. The two roles define what the play is all about; because of the â€Å"wickedness† (A2 S2 L26) behind disguise and deceit, the outcome is both the themes of romance and comedy, which is what the play effectively revolves around. Shakespeare uses both ideas as the foundation to create the whole of the story, emphasizing both the drama and comedy involved.

Delivering five hours

Utilizing the variety of office equipment as a means of facilitating the organization of the department. Participating in workshops to improve my ability to maintain the highest level of professionalism within the organization. Delivering five hours of instruction and spending three additional hours on performing research and implementing preparation methods to help officials gain a better understanding of the language. New Neighbors Education Center Alexandria, VA From: Oct. 2007 – Mar. 2008 Position: Executive AssistantMaintained files, updated company’s website and database, and proofread correspondence; created electronic file system with a simplified interface and ease of access; assisted the Director and members of Board in the performance of daily tasks. Managed the major donors’ mailing list, the drafting and issuing of thank you letters and the conduction of research for program development. Supervised office assistants, including those working to perfor m the duties of mailing, database entry, payroll, supply orders, budgeting and other financial tasks U. S.Department of State National Foreign Affairs Training Center Arlington, VA From: Jan 2006 – Sept 2007 Position: Culture Instructor and Curriculum Developer Trained U. S. Foreign Service embassy personnel in the areas of language and culture; personnel included ambassadors and other United States officials assigned to Albania, Macedonia, and Kosovo. Developed strategic methods for teaching language and culture for augmentation of the existing curriculum Berlitz Language Services Vienna, VA From: Jan 2003 – Dec 2005 Position: Administrative Assistant/Sales AgentRepresented Berlitz Language Services as a salesperson at organized conferences, meetings with clients for the purpose of developing marketing and short-term and/or long-term language program promotional deals; managed a front office and administered secretarial support to the Director and sales staff Paulâ₠¬â„¢s Wholesale Co. Washington DC From: Jan 2001 – Dec 2002 Position: Administrative Assistant Managed the processing, filing, shipping and follow-up procedures connected with customers’ orders, maintaining an effective administrative system. International Rescue Committee (IRC)Shkoder, Albania From: Sept 1999 – Nov 2000 Position: Office Manager Monitored IRC projects of rehabilitated refugee impacted sites and services, ensuring their availability and readiness to handle the many Kosovo refugees. Facilitated and mediated numerous meetings and workshops with the Mayor’s office, community leaders, NGOs and other entities involved in political, social or humanitarian projects. Worked closely with refugee organizations to obtain a list of hosts from contacts in foreign NGOs in Albania, allowing for the timely completion of the $500 thousand rehabilitation project.Managed the daily office tasks; monitored and coordinated project procurement and logistics; coo rdinated and conducted interviewing and hiring of personnel. ECOM / MALTESER Shkoder, Albania From: Nov 1998 – Aug 1999 Position: Administrative Assistant Assisted and supported Kosovo refugees in Albania, resulting in a smooth transition of the refugees to their own country; administered the logistics and distribution of medication and other matter to minister to the needs of the refugees. Provided interpretive services and assisted in refugee cases that needed immediate attention. Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) May 1998 – Nov 1998Tirana, Albania Assistant to the Director, Secretary, and Logistician Managed a busy office schedule, which extended to the coordination of travel logistics; conducted trainings in particular fields of expertise; formulated data collection instruments, such as surveys and questionnaires, to facilitate research into many aspects of the political situation of the region Aided the efforts of a team dedicated to reviewing laws an d advising local Albanian government entities concerning humanitarian activities; provided support and research information for weekly security briefings on the latest developments in the country and the neighboring ones.REFERENCES: Supervisors may be contacted and other professional references are available upon request KSA’S: PROGRAM ANALYST/PROGRAM SPECIALIST/CONTRACT SPECIALIST Knowledge My graduate level training in Government, Law and Public Policy has given me a vast array of theoretical knowledge concerning the legal and functional aspects of the government and its policies. My knowledge and experience has also extended to the area of performing legal research in foreign countries and the administration of duties related to the management of refugees.Having had several years of experience as an assistant to the director and other executives, I have garnered comprehensive knowledge of the areas of business administration concerned with budgeting and logistics. I have a lso been exposed to the formulation of research instruments such as questionnaires and surveys that have aided in the collection of citizen data. I am also thoroughly familiar with Albanian language and culture, having served for more than two years within three humanitarian organizations in Albania.I understand the methods connected with training high officials in the use of language and the understanding of culture within foreign countries. I also have knowledge of the procedures and practices connected with operation within Federal Offices of the United States Government. This includes an understanding of the emergency management procedures necessary in times of disaster or distress. Finally, I have technical knowledge of several computer applications used for word processing, graphic manipulation, data entry, and data mining.Skills My administrative skills have been demonstrated by the many administrative positions I have held. They have been utilized during the period I spent i n Albania, when I was in charge of performing essential office duties, as well as procurement and other logistic procedures. I am also highly skilled in the use of both English and Albanian. In Shkoder, Albania, I demonstrated the skill of monitoring IRC projects, which were instituted for the proper handling of the onslaught of Kosovo refugees.I am also skilled in mediation with government and other official organizations within foreign countries, as I was in charge of facilitating a number of meetings among the Mayor’s office, NGO’s and leaders within the community. I have also acted as an interpreter between Kosovo refugees and Albanian/American personnel, and I have been exposed to the performance and translation of legal research in the Albanian environment. Furthermore, I have worked within the U. S. Department of State National Foreign Affairs Training Center, gaining hands-on experience teaching the language and culture of Albania to the American personnel.I ha ve also had experience and the chance to portray skill in conducting administrative business in the private sector. Abilities As a person who has been exposed to business administration and communication at the diplomatic level, I have the ability to communicate well with government officials and other members of staff within any organization. I am able to perform duties related to human resource management and development, as I have trained high level officials in the proper performance of their duties in the Albanian environment.I work very well under pressure, as has been exemplified by my performance to a high level of effectiveness in the political climate of Eastern Europe. I am also well able to perform the administrative functions related to program analysis, as I am adept in the handling of file maintenance (including electronic files), website/database updating, payroll, and mailings. I am also able to draft correspondence, manage budgets and perform the duties related to procurement and supply/inventory management.

What are the major differences between capitalism, communism, and Essay

What are the major differences between capitalism, communism, and socialism - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that capitalism is a system of private enterprise in which the main economic decisions, such as what, how, how much, where, to whom and for what price several items are to be produced, are made by private individuals in their capacity as owners, workers or consumers. Capitalism is referred as free enterprise system as the basic economic decisions are not left to individuals but rather these decisions are also made in response to market forces such as demand and supply. According to the concepts of capitalism, people are free to accept the law of supply and demand. Communism is, according to its founder Karl Marx, an economic system that promotes the idea that the society must control the production or goods and services. Capitalism was much concerned about acquisition of wealth where as communism focused on serving others with concerns on poor and underprivileged arguing that there were major disparities between classes. Socialism is an econo mic system that seeks to manage the economy through collective social control, but communism is an economic system that seeks to manage the economy as well as society. McConnell and Brue noted that capitalism is a system in which each participant acts and performs business and non-business activities in his own self interest. Each individual is looking for maximizing his satisfaction or profits through own decisions regarding production and consumption. They pointed out that socialism and communism can be considered as command system as an alternative to market system. In both communism and socialism, government owns most of the property resources. The economic decision making in these systems occurs through a central economic plan Socialism and communism are similar in that both these dogmas are systems of production for use based on public ownership of the centralized planning. Communism is a further development or higher stage of socialism (Williamson, 2011, p. 47). 2. Discuss th e three major economic indicators and how they are indicative of our current economic climate. The major three economic indicators are 1) Gross domestic product, 2) Consumer price Index, 3) Employment. The most important economic indicator is GDP- Gross Domestic Product- which represents the total market value of all final goods and services that are produced in a specific period of time. GDP includes all goods and services produced by citizen-supplied or foreign-supplied resources employed inside the country (McConnell and Brue, 2004, p. 113). Consumer Price Index is used as main measure of inflation in the United States as compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer Price Index is considered as the base to report inflation rate each month and each year and also for adjusting social security benefits as well as income tax brackets for inflation (McConnell and Brue, 2004, p. 141). Another important economic indicator is Employment Statistics which provides a comprehensive d ata on national employment situations, unemployment rate, wage and earning data etc. Normally, information is disseminated from different ways such as agricultural, industrial, employment or unemployment among men, women or other classes etc. All these major economic indicators are clearly indicative of our current economic situations. For instance, the latest statistics show that there has been an expansion of 2.8 percent in the gross domestic product figure in the fourth quarter of 2011 over the previous quarter (tradingeconomics.com, 2012). Another example is that the unemployment rate in the United States has been decreased to 8.3 percent in January of 2012, showing a lowest rate from February of 2009 (tradingeconomics.com, 2012). 3. In considering to enter the global market, identify the major strategies an entrepreneur may

Advances in Biomedicine and the Possibility of the Manipulation of Assignment

Advances in Biomedicine and the Possibility of the Manipulation of Human Existence - Assignment Example Furthermore, this means that health-related matters are routinely objectified as technical problems to be solved through the application of technology and the conduct of science and are therefore decontextualized into practice (Lock & Nguyen 2). It is apparent that the innovations in biomedical technology bring forth benefits that could aid in the improvement of the health and the life of human beings; however, it is a fact that human existence and life itself is threatened by the increased risk and probability of technological intervention and manipulation. Others may term it as the science of â€Å"playing god†. This paper deems to explore the implications of Biomedical Technology as guided by the work of Ray Kurzweil entitled, The Singularity is near: when Humans Transcend Biology and the Message of Pope John Paul II to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences on Evolution highlighting that Truth Cannot Contradict Truth. The Singularity is near in the lieu of the Message to the P ontifical Academy of Sciences Evolution has been an interesting subject matter in the field of science particularly Biomedical Technology. Kurzweil envisioned in his work entitled, The Singularity is near: when Humans Transcend Biology, a new evolutionary process that aims to integrate man and machine (1-652). It is highlighted that the knowledge and skills entrenched in our brains will be merged with the immeasurably superior capacity, speed and knowledge-sharing capability of human innovations (Kurzweil 1-652). The age of the Internet was also predicted in the aforementioned work; he even mentioned that technological innovations have emerged at accelerating rates in recent years, while information technology capabilities such as cost performance, speed, capacity and bandwidth grow at exponential rates faster than the forecast of Moore’s Law (Kurzweil 1-652). It is obvious that one of the principal goals of brain science is to produce an artificial brain. This was very contr oversial for many groups advocating human ethics. The author of this paper believes that such innovation could lead to tremendous and a variety of debates. It may be deemed that this is such advancement on the part of science but nonetheless, the values imbibed in the nature of human beings must be taken into consideration. It is necessary for people to give due respect to what the Divine Providence has created and provided. As what Pope John Paul II stressed in his message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences on evolution that truth cannot contradict truth (Pope John Paul II). Conversely, it was mentioned by Pope John Paul II that the reflection on science of the third millennium commenced with the identification of the principal problems brought about by science and which affect humanity’s future though the solutions to such predicaments were also pointed out which will be beneficial to the whole human community in the aspects of life and health (Pope John Paul II). For ex ample, in the book entitled, Stem Cell Wars: inside stories from the Frontlines written by Herold and Daley (1-256) which tackled fascinating stories of stem cell research and its benefits on mankind. It divulged how stem cell research had benefited humans in terms of developing cures to certain diseases such as muscular dystrophy (Herold and Daley 1-256). In another book entitled, The Language of Life: DNA and the Revolution in Personalized Medicine written by Collins (1-368) that explores the possibility of completing the interpretation of the

Wrtie an executive summary based on Why It's So Hard to be Fair for Essay

Wrtie an executive summary based on Why It's So Hard to be Fair for your supervisor who is having trouble rallying his team - Essay Example ve the underlying reasons as to why employees are being laid off or if they do, time is not taken to allow for questions or even employees’ input on the matter. Firm B employees are further advanced good layoff packages as a sign of consolation. The employees of company B later file law suits claiming unlawful layoffs while none or just a few from firm A file similar suits (122-23). Firm B fund itself using a lot of resources in the lawsuits over and above the funds and benefits granted to the laid off workers. The difference in the above outcome was solely based on the approach taken to handle the situation and this is in regards to process fairness. This entails the manager treating the employees fairly and for the employees to feel that they have been treated as so. After the layoffs it was noted that for firm A the productivity increased for those who were left while in firm B it reduced. This therefore means that the employees who were left were affected by either in a positive manner or negatively. Those of firm A increased productivity because they believed that they had a responsibility toward enhancing organisational growth and felt that if they fail to work hard everyone stands to lose in one way or the other. In firm B workers felt that the laying off process was unjust as no much explanation was give and this reduced their morale a great deal (Brockner 123). As seen above time, resources and productivity was lost simply because the manager in firm B did not take time to be courteous enough to explain the issue at hand or even listen and discuss the situation with employees. The firm also ended up losing a great deal of money in the process. Employees need to feel in such situations their views are taken into consideration as well as their plight. This calls for the management to involve employees in decision making more so in areas that will affect their wellbeing. This scenario is also true with customers who need to feel that they have been

Over-education in the graduate labour market Essay

Over-education in the graduate labour market - Essay Example Observing the actions taken by the regulatory bodies and the Government of UK, it can be observed that, over-education is a long term phenomenon and is hampering the work enthusiasm of the graduates. The situation of the labour market of UK is still suffering from the after effects of the global financial meltdown. Although, the corporate sector is growing all over the world, the job market has changed in terms of demand and recruitments processes. Moreover, the educational systems are also changing and focusing on designing courses that are suited more professionally, rather than the traditional learning style (Walker and Zhu, 2005). One of the major issues in the contemporary job market scenario is over-education of the candidates and the jobs being offered. This is reducing the potential limits of the students and is also hampering their future prospects. This study is based on evaluating the influence of the graduate workers in the UK. Majority of the scholars such as Walker and Zhu (2005) and Buchel, de Grip and Mertens (2003) have pointed out that, the primary factor behind the increase of over-education is the limited numbers of suitable candidates available in the job market. However, Dolton and Vignoles (2000) observed that the changes in the operational style of the corporate segment have also caused a rise in the number of over-educated employees. Most of the large scale business houses have segregated their work process into small and specific parts. This has limited the amount of skill required for employment and also reduced the scope of growth. Hence, the educational qualifications of the employees are often, more than their existing job profile. On the other hand, the limited number of jobs in the industry is also forcing the graduate candidates to work at lower level employment criteria adding to the factor of over-education among the graduates. Budria and Moro-Egido (2009) opined that, the overall in crease in the cost of living has

MGT 350 MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES Essay

MGT 350 MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES - Essay Example The study will be therefore interesting as it will provide us with an intuit understanding of the reasons behind the struggling for survival of one company with the incurrence of such huge losses while the other company which is Toyota Motor Corporation is generating profit profits every year (Carr-Ruffino, & Acheson, 2007). To gain an in-depth understanding of both companies and the reasons behind the success of one and the losses by the other, this study will further make analysis of the contrasting strategies employed by both companies. Various studies on the situation of general motors has come to a conclusion that the problems facing General motors bore more significance that are beyond those directly involved (Saunders, 1989). It must thus be realized that the failure of General Motors will not only have huge psychological, social and economic impact in the United States where it has asserted its place as an iconic automobile manufacturer, but its failure will negatively impact on the United States economy in addition to adversely affecting other economies. Hence, the failure of General Motors would result to repercussions that would be felt worldwide (Drucker, 1994). General Motors Corporation History General Motors (GM) first came into existence in 1908 in Flint, Michigan as a holding company back then for Buick and was then controlled by William C. Durant. The company later acquired Oldsmobile later the same year (Cummings, 1993). Later, Durant brought in Cadillac, Oakland which later came to be known as Pontiac and Elmore amongst many more others. Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan was acquired in 1909 in addition to the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan which served as the predecessor of GMC Truck (Drucker, 1994). In charge of the corporation was Alfred Sloan who led the company to its post-war global dominance. The unprecedented growth of the company lasted through the late 70s into the early 80’s. The internation al expansion of the company continued through the establishment of General Motors Overseas Operation in 1938 which was in charge of all vehicles manufacturing and marketing outside the United States and Canada. This growth continued in the 1990s (Marketline, 2007). The Core Business of General Motors The core business of General Motors Corporation is to engage in the development, production and marketing of trucks, cars and automobile parts in addition to being engaged in insurance and finance operations. The primary operations of the company are centralized in North America and Europe with its headquarters being located in Detroit, Michigan and with a worldwide employee population of 280, 000 (Marketline, 2007). Core Technologies employed by General Motors Each of General Motors automotive divisions target specific market segments despite some having some shared components; the distinguishing factor between each division is the unique styling and technology employed. The strategy o f General Motors for core technology is aimed at sharing components and common corporate management in a bid to create an upgrade path that is orderly (Carr-Ruffino, & Acheson, 2007). The entry level buyer starts with a very practical but which is at the same time economical, Chevrolet, and moving through the offerings of the different divisions until one purchases a Cadillac. Manufacturing

The Launching of Credit Card in Romania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Launching of Credit Card in Romania - Essay Example The bank which is launching the card is Alpen bank. The objective of the research is to find out whether the launch of credit card into the country will be worth and whether such a launch will be able to generate the sufficient amount of revenues so that the feasibility of the new product is proved in terms of entry-decision. SWOT analysis is carried out to find out the relevant opportunities and issues about the establishment of new credit card business. Market positioning of the bank is analyzed for the successful establishment of the credit card business. SWOT Analysis Strengths The strength of the bank comes from its affluent customers. Majority of customers of the bank belong to the upper strata of the society. Having affluent customers also means that they are more frequent with the use of credit card and the purchase amount is also high. Weaknesses The major weakness of the credit card business comes because of the low growth potential. The growth potential of credit card busi ness is very low in Romania compared to other emerging markets. Lack of consumer experience in terms of management of credit card and related monetary transaction is another weakness, because of which majority of customers opt for cash transactions. The country has suffered a three year long recession which has affected the life style of the common people. Consumers have become price sensitive and opt for cutting budgets with the objective of saving money. This is a weak link for the credit card business because it is a general perception among consumers that holding credit cards leads to higher amount of purchases as compared to cash purchases. Another issue in credit card business is that, most of the times credit card is used for exclusive cash withdrawals rather than using it for real purpose that it purchase. Apart from this, since credit card business is relatively new and unknown to the customers of Romania, huge investments will be needed with respect of advertising, direct marketing and support infrastructure. Opportunities The opportunities from this credit card business can be explained in terms of the political, social and other related factors affecting the country and the credit card industry as well; Political- legal policies, procedure and other corporate obligations in the country are not very stringent, which will help in the smother transaction of the business. Economic- the economic environment of Romania has improved since 2006, after the country entered into the European Union. Since then, the microeconomic trends have been positive and with the increasing income, the disposable income of the households has also increased. This shows the opportunity of the credit card business to bank on the increased economic conditions of the country. Socio-cultural- with the increase in the economic status, it is expected that one third of the Romanian population will prefer branded products. This will increase the overall use of credit cards in the co untry. Technological- with the advent of globalization, more are more companies have stated to market their products and services into more emerging and developing markets. As the availability of technology has become cheaper and readily available, the credit card business can tap on this opportunity. Since credit card business will need technological assistance, the company can use the latest technology available to gain a sustainable competitive advantage over the competitors. Environmental- the use of credit cards is totally free from creating environmental hazards. The use of online transactions will also decrease the use of paper which will influence the environment in a positive manner. Threats Similarly, the threats from this credit

Accounting issues research and analysis Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting issues and analysis - Research Paper Example Section 14 indicates that during transition, an entity should disclose the immediate status in financial reporting in accordance with estimates made in accordance with the previous standard (national standard). R&D costs for prior years should thus be recognized under the US GAAP, and clearly indicated that they are reported under US GAAP in the first IFRS opening balances (IFRS 1, P28). Prior R&D costs should thus be expensed in accordance with SFAS 2, which limits capitalization of R&D costs. In regard to tracking future R&D costs, there is need for our entity to adopt IFRS. Just like in US GAAP, IFRS expenses all costs incurred in the research phase of a project. Nevertheless, it will be good for our entity to clearly separate research phase costs and development phase costs. In cases where a distinction does not exist, IFRS requires expensing of such costs, eroding the entity’s R&D assets. Tracking R&D costs under IFRS ensures that cost of materials incurred in development, employee costs during development, fees and patent amortizations are recognized as an asset, enhancing the balance sheet worth of the entity. This is outlined in section (IAS 38, p66). To account for the current project’s research and development costs, all development costs are capitalized and recognized as an asset in the balance sheet as per IAS 38R.57. On the other hand, all research phase costs are expensed. For the development costs to be capitalized there must be proof that there is intention to complete such products and sell or use them and the entity has the right and ability to use or sell such products. These costs should equally be in a position to generate future economic benefits to the organization. The entity should equally be in a position to measure costs incurred in development in a reliable manner. This will be different from US GAAP, which limits capitalization of development costs (FASB, P1). If recognition

The Film Memento by Christopher Nolan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Film Memento by Christopher Nolan - Essay Example Leonard meets Teddy an undercover cop who tries to help him with investigations. However, his help was not welcome, as Leonard did not trust him. Leonard got a tattoo of John Gs license plate the person he believes was responsible for the murder of his wife (Nolan 2001). During the attack, Leonard slays an assailant, after telling the police that a second attacker had escaped, the police refused to investigate and said the attacker was only one. This prompted Leonard to undertake his own investigations to get his wife’s killers. This supports that he did not kill his wife. In his mission for vengeance, he met Natalie. Natalie resented Leonard as he wore her boyfriend’s clothes and drove his car (Nolan 2001). Leonard met her after he responded to a note he found in his pocket. As he did not have a sharp memory, he did not remember that the clothes were not his (Waller 4). Upon meeting him and learning of his condition, she decided to use Leonard to drive a man named Dodd out of town. She even offered to help him run the license plates. Teddy warned Leonard against Natalie, but he could not trust Teddy. Natalie gained Leonard’s trust by allowing him to talk about his wife while she listened. Natalie knew then that he loved his wife and nothing would stop him from revenge (Nolan 2001). Although he carried on with a misguided plan, he still carried on believing he was serving justice for his wife’s death, so he could not be the murderer. Finally, Teddy directs Leonard to a building claiming there, he would find John G the murderer of his wife. On getting there Natalie’s boyfriend, Jimmy was in the building. On getting there, Jimmy whispers the name, Sammy.

Waiting for the Barbarians by J. M. Coetzee Essay Example for Free

Waiting for the Barbarians by J. M. Coetzee Essay All this erotic behavior of mine is indirect: I prowl about her, touching her face, caressing her body, without entering her or finding the urge to do so. But with this woman it is as if there is no interior, only a surface across which I hunt back and forth seeking entry. Is this how her torturers felt hunting their secret, whatever they thought it was? pg.43. One of the central figures in J. M. Coetzees Waiting for the Barbarians is the barbarian girl. The Magistrate finds the girl maimed and nearly blind after being interrogated and tortured by the ruthless Colonel Joll, and takes her in. The Magistrates relationship with the girl revolves around his search for the girls significance; he questions her about her torture, he attempts to understand her through her physical surface, and tries to use her as the key to unlocking his own meaning. Ultimately, the Magistrates treatment of the barbarian girl mirrors her treatment by Colonel Joll; they both use her as a tool in their respective searches for knowledge. The parallels between Joll and the Magistrates behavior towards the barbarian girl can be seen in the selected passage. The Magistrate is going over his conduct towards the girl in his head, and expressing some puzzlement as to the motivation behind his actions as well as over their lack of fruition. He puts effort into making romantic gestures towards her, but does not sleep with her, nor does he really want to. He seems to want something from her, but is unsure about what that is or how to go about getting it. This makes the woman seem mysteriously full of meaning and yet impenetrable to him, in more ways than one. His last thought is to compare his search for meaning in his relationship with the girl to her torturers search for an elusive secret from her. By describing his own behavior as indirect, we get a sense of the Magistrates own lack of clarity towards the subject. He makes erotic overtures towards the girl, but he makes them indirect[ly], implying that his goal is not to seduce the girl but what his true intentions are remain unclear, even to him. The Magistrate does not understand his fascination with the barbarian girl. This can be illustrated on pg. 40 where  he asks her not only why she is with him, but also, why do I want you here? He tries to analyze his relationship to the girl and use it to somehow get a better understanding of who he is. However, his philosophical questions get few answers from her, and none that satisfy him. He focuses his interest on her scars and what transpired during her torture sessions, questioning her incessantly. He bathes her and massages her with almond oil, paying special attention to her injuries. Using his hands to feel all over her body, repeatedly he tries to recreate in his mind the whole of what she was like before the torture, the whole of the person she is and was. Yet it seems to him as if she has no interior, only a surface across which I hunt back and forth seeking entry. Because he cannot find her interior, or the meaning that she holds for him, he blindly searches the physical surface for meaning. The Magistrate tries to interpret his own meaning through the girls body. Like the wooden slips covered in barbarian characters that the Magistrate polished and pored over for so many hours, her oiled body becomes a text to decipher his own meaning. When she grudgingly reveals some of the torture methods used on her, it does not bring her and the Magistrate any closer together, neither does it bring the Magistrate any closer to understanding her; interestingly enough, it functions to give the Magistrate more insight into Jolls character and his relationship to him. Her scars are like the ugly truth of the Magistrates quiet complicity in the atrocities committed in the name of Empire that he must bring himself to reconcile with, by looking at them and feeling them over and over again. Once the Magistrate begins to realize the role he had in facilitating the acts of torture, and how horrendous they truly were, he also begins to see the similarities between Joll and himself. The verbs the Magistrate uses to describe his own actions towards the girl in the selected passage, such as prowl, hunt, and even seeking create an image of a furtive predator rather than a lover. This is a manifestation of the guilt he feels for his part in her injuries. But we do not get a real sense of threat or danger from the Magistrate because he states that this hunter is non-invasive: he does not enter her and has no urge to do so. Even the phrases touching  her face, and caressing her body, which normally would invoke intimacy, when put in the context of prowling give the impression of a hunter thoroughly examining the pelt of its prey. It is easy to make the connection between this image and the image of the Magistrate examining the barbarian girls broken ankles and scars. Joll and the accomplice torturers are also referred to as hunting the girl; while Joll was aggressively searching for a secret he never found, the Magistrate hunts for how to figure her out and enter her surface, which he also fails to find. However, they both hunt for some sort of meaning from this girl, suggesting Jolls use of her is similar to the Magistrates use for her. Joll tortures her to try to get secret information about an impending barbarian offensive attack (which turns out to be nonexistent information in the first place). However, he still hunts the truth from her until she is left blinded and crippled. The Magistrate presses for details of her torture, harasses her with philosophical questions, and engages in his cryptic washing and oiling rituals while searching for meaning through her body. In his various ways he also tries to hunt out meanings from the girl, and he comes to realize his relationship to the girl thus mirrors that of Jolls. They both use the girl as a means to some desired end of knowledge, whether it be a secret of war or a secret of why. Furthermore, the Magistrate comes to see his mirroring of Joll might not just end with the barbarian girl. The girl ultimately serves as the interface for the Magistrate to see the parallels between himself and Joll. It is significant that the Magistrate takes up with the girl only after Joll has discarded her- the fact that the Magistrate must have overseen her arrival with the soldiers was a recurring thought of his. However, he had no interest in her until after Joll had left her permanently handicapped. The Magistrate eventually comes to see that his attempt to connect with the woman was an attempt to retrace Jolls footsteps; to understand the man  and his actions by putting himself into an intimate relationship with the barbarian girl. But he also does this to distinguish himself as different from Joll; he regretted he could not engrave [himself] as deeply (p.135) on her as Joll had, but he wished to leave the mark of his pseudo-loving on her rather than the marks of pain and torture she had from Joll. The relationships the barbarian girl has with Colonel Joll and the Magistrate are similar in that both use her as a tool in their respective quests for knowledge. Joll tries to coerce her into saying something to justify an attack on the barbarians, while the Magistrate tries to use her to interpret himself and his role in the Empire, but they both believe that she is the key to unlocking some truth they seek. They both use the girl for their own purposes, without any regard for her as a person, and Joll treats her very cruelly. The Magistrate cares for her physical well-being, but he does not truly attempt to get to know beyond her surface, and only attempts to understand her through what function she serves in his life. Eventually he realizes through his relationship with her how many parallels exist between him and Joll. The girl stands between the two men as a one-way mirror that they both use, but gradually becomes two-way for the Magistrate, allowing him to see the Joll alter ego mingling with his own reflection. Coming to accept this also means collapsing some of the distance that he had mentally established between himself and Joll, and likewise accepting a certain share in the responsibility for all the atrocities committed by Joll in the name of the Empire.

Yann Martels Life Of Pi 2001 Literature Essay

Yann Martels Life Of Pi 2001 Literature Essay Yann Martels Booker-Prize winning novel Life of Pi (2001) narrates the nine months odyssey of Piscine Patel on the Pacific Ocean. Far from being only a fascinating adventurous tale, this novel addresses important issues such as faith, identity, universalism, religion, and areas of cultural contact. Although the plot may seem to revolve mainly around Pi and Richard Parker, Life of Pi deals extensively with the great human project of trying to live together. By using Pi as his trans-cultural hero, Martel seems to insist on the need to constructively reformulate the human mind in relation to cosmopolitanism, absolute truth and religious identity. This papers aim is to bring out the cosmopolitan message that Martel seeks to transmit to his readers and to show how the latter focuses on that part of our common human identity that links us, instead of stressing on those identities that only partially define and differentiate us. A cross-reference is also going to be made to Homers The Odyss ey so as to highlight the idea of the equal treatment of all human beings, regardless of religion, culture, ethnicity and values, as prescribed by cosmopolitanism. Life of Pi is a novel which can be read in many different ways; as an adventurous story, as an allegory of power, as a reflection on the superiority of imagination over reason, as an explanation of the intricate and complex life of humans and animals, and, of utmost importance to this essay, as a spiritual journey or a quest for identity and as a metaphor of the cultural and religious conflicts that characterize every known human society. Culture and identity play a key role in many contemporary wars. Many philosophers and cultural theorists argue that the resolution of protracted ethnic and religious conflicts lies in the fostering and nurturing of cosmopolitan identities. First of all, what makes Life of Pi an interesting platform for exploring trans-cultural and interfaith relationships is not merely Martels cosmopolitan background, but also the novels portrayal of the protagonists life before and after the shipwreck. Pi Patel grows up in Pondicherry, a former French territory on the Indian subcontinent, where Eastern and Western cultures inevitably exist in close contact. To the dismay of grownups, particularly the representatives of different religions, the wise men as they are almost satirically referred to in the novel, Pi shows devotion to Hinduism, embraces and practices Christianity and Islam simultaneously. After his nine months in the lifeboat, he is hospitalized in Mexico and the author finally encounters him as an Indian immigrant in Toronto. Pis hybrid, multiple faiths and open-mindedness not only help him survive emotionally and physically but are also strengthened after the events. His house in Canada can be used as a proof to support this statement; the author describes the devotional articles that he finds in the protagonists house, ranging from a framed picture of Ganesha, a plain wooden cross, a small framed picture of the virgin Mary of Guadalupe, to a framed photo of the black-robed Kaaba, holiest sanctum of Islam. Pi is therefore presented as a cosmopolitan, a citizen of the world, as he not only practices three religions but is also at home in the worlds of science and theology, having achieved university degrees in both fields. Martel juxtaposes the young Pi Patels receptiveness to other cultures and religions to the intolerance of the three religious figures encountered on the beach; the priest, the imam and the pandit, each convinced of the singular truth of the path he taught. Each of them apoplectically try to impose the superiority and validity of their respective faiths after discovering that Pi shows devotion to three different, opposing, and often conflicting religions; The priest looked askance at both of them. Piscine, he nearly whispered, there is salvation only in Jesus. Balderdash! Christians know nothing about religion, said the pandit. They strayed long ago from Gods path, said the imam. Wheres God in your religion? snapped the priest. You dont have a single miracle to show for it. What kind of religion is that, without miracles? It isnt a circus with dead people jumping out of tombs all the time, thats what! We Muslims stick to the essential miracle of existence. Birds flying, rain falling, crops growing-these are miracles enough for us. Feathers and rain are all very nice, but we like to know that God is truly with us. Is that so? Well, a whole lot of good it did God to be with you-you tried to kill him! You banged him to a cross with great big nails. Is that a civilized way to treat a prophet? The prophet Muhammad-peace be upon him-brought us the word of God without any undignified nonsense and died at a ripe old age. The word of God? To that illiterate merchant of yours in the middle of the desert? Those were drooling epileptic fits brought on by the swaying of his camel, not divine revelation. That, or the sun frying his brains! Whereas Pi just [wants] to love God, the three religious leaders represent those who insist on believing in one, absolute truth. This situation of world-wide coalition of cultures as Claude Levi- Strauss termed it, can be further elaborated using Richard Burtons famous words; All Faith is false, all Faith is true; Truth is the shattered mirror strown In myriad bits; while each believes His little bit the whole to own. Like Burton, Martel implies that absolute truth is inaccessible to human beings, who will probably never be able to understand it fully. Therefore, adhering slavishly and blindly to one faith without taking an interest in the practices and beliefs of others only contributes to [obstruct] empathy and [makes] ethnocentrism inescapable. The problem with most human beings and civilizations, as highlighted in Life of Pi and as extensively discussed by Appiah, appears to be that everyone believes that their particular faith is the all-comprehending and absolute truth. Everyone seems to be holding their little bit of their shattered mirror, guarding it protectively (almost jealously) from others and trying to see as much as they can in it. Gilroy describes such a situation as being one in which we are all sealed up inside our frozen cultural habits and where there is no workable precedent for adopting a more generous and creative view of how human beings might communicate or act in concert across racial, ethnic, or civilizational divisions. What Appiah in turn proposes to cultural and religious differences reflects Pis own ideologies. For Appiah therefore, there is no agreed-upon answer- and the point is there doesnt need to be. He urges that it is of central importance for the benefit of humanity that we all learn about people in other places, take an interest in their civilizations, not because that will bring us to agreement, but because it will help us get used to one another. In this sense, Pis behavior towards Richard Parker can be read as a metaphor used to promote or idealize a cosmopolitan ideology among human beings. Appiah also carefully points out that we can perfectly live together without agreeing on what the values are that make it good to live together. If the world could share their myriad bits, human beings would have definitely been able to see a lot more clearly. Similarly, there exists no singular truth. There are many truths, depending on our moralities and experience. As Pi reproaches to Mr. Okamoto and Mr. Chiba twice at the end of the novel; Tigers exist, lifeboats exist, oceans exist. Because the three have never come together in your narrow, limited experience, you refuse to believe that they might. Yet the plain fact is that the Tsimtsum brought them together and then sank. And at some later point in the same conversation, Love is hard to believe, ask any lover. Life is hard to believe, ask any scientist. God is hard to believe, ask any believer. What is your problem with hard to believe? Pi here implies that openness and the taking of interest in others lives and experiences are more enriching to human beings rather than further entombing themselves in what they believe is the absolute truth, thereby turning their own lives into yeastless factuality. Inspite of all his misadventures though, Pi not only remains faithful to all three religions but also admires the religious as well as the irreligious. Readers cannot disagree therefore with Pis statement that to choose doubt as a philosophy of life is akin to choosing immobility as a means of transportation. Similarly, closing ourselves into our set of beliefs and closing all doors to the appreciation of other cultures, civilizations and people is akin to living without any enriching human and cultural progress. Sharing a lifeboat with a tiger for 227 days is considered as quasi-impossible both to believe and as a thing likely to occur. However, Martel beautifully uses imagination over reason to drag his readers in a kind of magical realism tour which requires a strong yet willing suspension of disbelief so as to show that such a thing is plausible and was actually experienced by the hero of his novel. Pi renounces to the initial idea of murdering Richard Parker because he realizes that if he does so, he will have no one to provide for, no one to depend on him and no reason at all to live. Thereupon, the tiger shifts from being a source of fear and a mortally threatening creature to a source of peace, purposeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ even wholeness. What Pi does therefore is that he uses his understanding of animals, acquired at the zoo, so as to establish a peaceful cohabitation between himself and Richard. According to June Dwyer, Pis success lies in the fact that he respects the Others instincts, n eeds and values and gives him equal consideration; it is acceptance of the Other without imposing change on him.Since Richard has already claimed his part in the lifeboat, Pi decides to negotiate. So, instead of killing, he shares and instead of giving up his authority he makes it clear to the tiger what is his by also urinating on his territory. The tiger in turn, much to Pis surprise, reacts positively to the latters whistle-blows. What Martel is trying to show here is that the human and the tiger are capable of living together (even in a lifeboat with limited space) as long as each respects the others space. If two completely different creatures are able to live together peacefully, by making compromises and respecting each other, then it becomes very much possible for cosmopolitanism among humans to be completely disregarded as a mere set of utopian ideals, as is often claimed by many,or, put in simpler terms, to be seen as a realistic utopia, as Nancy Fraser puts it. Likewise, Homers most enduring hero, Odysseus, celebrates someone seeking adventure and valuing the unfamiliar and the strange.According to one definition, cosmopolitanism represents the attempt to exhibit a familiarity with, or appreciation of many parts and peoples of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This definition aptly applies to both Life of Pi and The Odyssey. Much like Pi himself, Odysseus is also shipwrecked, which leads him to encounter different people, civilizations, cultures and languages. We witness for example his admiration for the Phaiakians at some point in the book, and we see how he admires the latters polity. The simple swineherd Eumaeus, remarkable for his apparent striking similarity to Odysseus, also helps to better understand the shared human condition at that time. According to Patrick Deneen, Eumaeuss understanding of the situation of humanity relative to the gods is similar to that of Odysseus himself. This understanding leads to his realization that the human con dition leads one to recognize that the parts of our human identity that link us outnumber those identities that differentiate us. As he says to Odysseus, whom he meets as a begger, upon their first encounter, Stranger, I have no right to deny the stranger, not even if one came to me who was meaner than you. All vagabonds and strangers are under Zeus, and the gift is a light and dear oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Readers are thus able to see how Eumaeus, as well as Odysseus, recognize the protection that Zeus accords to all human beings, even to the most desperate ones. Since readers are able to travel through different civilizations, cultures, mindsets and values in The Odyssey, comparisons between those who show kindness to strangers and those who do not (such as in the case of Polyphemus, Poseidons son) are made possible. In this sense, Telemachuss meetings with Nestor and Menelaus also allow Homer to explore the Greek code of xenia, or hospitality. As Bernard Knox argues in the introduction to Robert Fagless translation of The Odyssey, the obligation of attending to and entertaining travelers is the closest The Odyssey comes to affirming an absolute moral principle. This also reminds of Nussbaums most explicit description of the duties or obligations of any citizen of the world; Our task as citizens of the world, and as educators who prepare people to be citizens of the world, will be to draw the circles somehow toward the center, making all human beings like our fellow city dwellers. In other words, we need not give up our special affections and affiliations and identifications, whether national or ethnic or religious; but we should work to make all human beings part of our community of dialogue and concern, showing respect for the human wherever it occurs, and allowing that respect to constrain our national and local politics. Likewise, the social code of ancient Greek necessitated that one expresses kindness to strangers in foreign regions by receiving them into ones home. This social expectation of hospitality was so culturally crucial and significant that it was believed to be implemented by Zeus, the king of the gods. Both hosts offer their guest a warm welcome even before they learn Telemachuss identity. Furthermore, this adherence and respect for the social norms enforced by the gods sharply demarcates Penelopes careless wooers plundering of Telemachuss home in Ithaca from Telemachus and Odysseus. Homer sets the right against the wrong by portraying the latter as hero and the suitors as villains. Although it is set in 700 BC, The Odyssey certainly sheds light on contemporary debates about cosmopolitanism. Martel on the other hand beautifully uses Pi as the hero of his novel, so as to transmit the innocent yet strong cosmopolitan and universal visions of a child, thereby providing more hope for a cosm opolitan future for the new generations. On a conclusive note, it can be noted that what Martel in a way wants his readers to know is that the persistent barriers of doubt, fear of the Other, ignorance, close-mindedness, racism and imaginative, long- held stereotypes are only vicious obstacles to the creation of a cosmopolitan world and fruitful human relations. In order for the human experience to progress therefore, these constant obstacles have to be destroyed. Indeed this book seems to suggest that the most appropriate and beneficial perspective to be adopted in the 21st century is one of cosmopolitanism.

Economic Development In The Uae Economics Essay

Economic Development In The Uae Economics Essay UAE United Arab Emirates as we call it has managed to become the regional trading hub of the middle-east along with being an enormously growing business capital. The country is also referred to as the wealthiest in the Region with the GDP per capital income of around $49500 (forecast 2011). The credit for much of the development goes to the oil and gas reserves of the country because the UAE has the third largest reserves of the OPEC. Even though the UAE is fairly dependent on oil as it comprises of 20% of the international GDP, yet the diversification measures are constantly taken to shift the economy away from being highly dependent on the Oil prices. This diversified economy of The UAE is definitely a success and a role model for the all the other economies in the GCC to follow. The vision of UAE is to become the best country in the world by 2021. (GCC) UAE VISION 2021 The vision of UAE is to be among the best countries on the world by 2021. They aspire to be united in knowledge, prosperity, destiny and responsibility. The vision 2021 portrays some of the responsibilities of the UAE government. UAE will introduce high quality global standard infrastructure, government services and recreational environments. Emiratis will benefit highly from customer oriented government services offered at the best quality. Excellent communication infrastructure will promote business networking and give them a leading edge when they interact with the world UAE Government Strategy 2011-2013 UAE government strategy highlights the main priorities of the government in the coming two years covering the period of 2011-2013. The strategy will act as a benchmark for federal entities to develop and their strategic plans. The strategy lays the foundation for the vision of 2021. The strategy is basically divided in to 7 general principles Enhance the role of national entities and in carrying out operative regulations and cohesive policies by successful planning and implementation. Enhance coordination and cooperation among National entities and local government. Focus totally on delivering high class, customer oriented and integrated government services. Spend in human resource competences and create and polish leaders. Encourage efficient resource management within the national entities and leverage the dynamic partnerships. Implement a culture of brilliance through strategic thinking, uninterrupted performance improvement and excellent results Encourage transparency and enhance the accountability mechanisms of the government throughout the federal entities. UAE is the second largest economy in the Arab gulf and it is consistently ranked among the fastest growing economies of the world. During the past 40 years GDP of UAE has grown tremendously from $6.5 billion in 1971 to a massive total of $1248 billion in 2011.which is roughly a 192x increase (The glorious four decades of the UAE). The per capita GDP of Dubai has increased from 100000 dirhams (1975) to 174000 dirhams in (2011). This outstanding performance has forced international organizations to rank Dubai among the top emerging markets in the world along with china, Turkey, India, Singapore, Russia, Malaysia and Brazil. The strategy for the diversification of income resources has proved successful. According to local and international report the steady economic growth has not solely resulted from energy production and exports of oil, as the case with other oil economies, it has resulted from diversifying sources of income and minimization on the reliance of oil. Many sectors such a s the financial services, logistics, tourism and other strategic sectors in the economy have not been favored by the government for the provision of oil. According to recent statistics oil contribution tom the GDP has decreased from 70% in 1971 to 29% in 2010. This approach portrays a massive achievement of the country in the area of economics because it portrays great contribution towards the stability of the national economy. According to the recent forecast by (IMF), the GDP growth of UAE is prone to rise from 3.3% in 2011 to 3.8% in 2012. It is also expected that the UAE will maintain a double figure surplus of around 10.3% in 2012. Environment has been rated as a potential component of The UAE development strategy, UAE has never overlooked the environment factor and has always regarded environment protection as a major goal of its sustainable development strategy. The government has addressed harsh desertification and developed water resources for increasing greenery. Agriculture has also been addressed thoroughly by the government of UAE, and the government has been successful in achieving goals despite the problem of scarcity and desertification. The main goal for the development and growth of agriculture sector has been the provision of food to the local economy. This is because the government regards it as being an element of national security. The industrial sector has also boomed a lot on the 21st century with investment in this sector amounting to DH101.12 billion in 2010 (IMF). Around 4960 industries have been established and the total number of workers employed has increased dramatically. This clearly portrays the vision of federal and local government to modify and develop the Industrial sector. Over the years UAE has managed to establish a modern infrastructure which solidly addresses the needs of public services for citizens and businesses. The infrastructure not only includes roads, power and bridges but also transcends to include, specialized and economic free zones. The free zones are more than 30 in number and are widely spread all over the emirates. The real estate sector at the Abu Dhabi and Dubai contributed heavily towards the transformation of the country (GCC). The real estate in these states has been referred to as the world renowned real estate front with new and modified concepts and green building. The tourism sector has also improved tremendously over the years. It was the record high in 2010 with the number of tourists reaching over 10 million. What majorly contributed to the tourism sector has been the strategic location and domestic flow of local and foreign investments in the sector. The investment size associated with tourism and infrastructure has been 47 billion Dh on average over the last 10 years. Presently the Dubai Airport is ranked as the fourth best Airport of the world. Conferring to the Travel and tourism competitiveness report of 2011 published by the world economic forum (IMF), the UAE was ranked 30 among the lot of 139 countries and was ranked first in the middle -east as the most progressive country in tourism and travel with the score of 4.78. The foreign trade accounts for 70% of the UAE Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The country has a wide network of trading partners around the world and it enjoys bilateral trade relations all of them. It is forecasted that the foreign trade will grow in excess of 25% after 2011, because of the massive improvements in the economic environment of the UAE (Trade). The UAE is among the largest exporter and importer countries of the world with exports of $235 billion and imports of $170 billion. The exports comprise of 2% of the total world exports whereas the imports comprise of 1.4% of the total world imports. The massive balance of payment surplus has benefitted the economy of UAE tremendously. Non-oil exports of the country have increased form Dh 2 billion in 1981 to Dh 27.4 billion in 2010. Dubai standard for 82% of the total nonoil exports of the UAE in 2010. Abu Dhabi comprised of 14% and Ras-Al-Khaimah comprised of 2.5% of the total nonoil exports in the UAE. The financial services sector (UAE) has also witnessed rapid growth in the past few years. An important role was played by the commercial and specialized banks of the UAE in sponsoring economic activity and trade in the country. Fifty one banks are currently operating in the country including 23 national banks. Financial markets have also contributed heavily in mobilization of domestic savings; the Abu Dhabi securities market and the Dubai financial market are figured as the main financial markets of the country. Dubai International financial market was also established to become the free zone for the most important financial centers in North Africa and the Middle-East. The government also invested its accumulated surpluses in international institutions such as the Abu Dhabi investment authority, and this contributed heavily to the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s domestic wealth (Suwaidi). When it comes down to competition UAE has achieved record figures in Arab and the international competitiveness field. UAE regards competitiveness as its most strategic direction. For the sake of this the government has established a council known as the Emirates competitiveness Council. The aim of this council is to improve the performance of the key sectors of the country and to ensure the wellbeing and good quality life for its citizens. The economic council of Dubai also setup the Dubai competitiveness center. The aim of this center is to kind Dubai as the utmost competitive city in the world. Abu Dhabi department of economic development has also established a competitive office. All these bodies work together for the national economy which is taking a lot of strides to include UAE among the best economies of UAE till the year 2021. UAE is now ranked among the top in the competitive group. It is ranked third in the Arabs world and twenty seventh worldwide (Jones). The main competitors of UAE in the Arab world have been Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman and Egypt to say the least. The global competitiveness report has allotted high rank to the UAE for the past three years (2011-2012). UAE leads the list of emerging markets that includes India, China, Russia and Brazil. E-Government in the UAE. The federal egovernment project started in the UAE in the year 2001 when the ministry of finance carried out the edirham. It was the first eservice that helped the electronic payment for accessing the federal government services (Interact).Since then, many of the federal and local level entities have launched eservices that have proven to be time efficient and cost efficient and the government is also experiencing reduced operational costs and increased efficiency In offering the services. The egovernment strategy was then setup in 2003. IBM helped to conduct an evaluation study for the development of the executive plan. The ministry of finance started an operational plan for e-government in 2004. The memorandum of understanding was signed between Etisalat and the government to provide infrastructure for e-government in March 2005. Then finally in june 2008 the TRA passed a resolution to develop a plan for IT in the federal government. Federal E-GOVERNMENT Plan 2012-2014 The vision of the federal government of the UAE 2012-2014 plan is to maximize the competitiveness of the UAE by the provision of world class practices in all the areas of E-government. The federal E-Government plan development is dependent upon a strategic framework consisting of three dimensions. The dimensions include E-Services, E-readiness and the ICT environment (Interact) E-Government has been successfully launched in the UAE and is operating at local levels as well. six out of seven emirates including Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, and Ras Al Khaimah. All of them have launched their official portals. E-COMMERCE in the UAE The E-Commerce is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the E-commerce Law and the services of certification in the UAE. It promotes adherence to the regulations and laws which enables safe and secure E-commerce transactions. The ultimate mission and target of E-commerce department is to promote economic development and technological advancement and innovation within the defined limits of a just e-commerce regulatory regime totally in line with the global standards (Aya). It also aims to establish a regulatory and licensing regime that will be responsible for providing optimal development and encourage innovation, growth, competition and massive investment in the UAE ICT and the ecommerce sector, via implementation of the best global practices and standards while responding to the market needs and local consumers. THREATS TO THE UAE ECONOMY UAE economy is not perfect as yet and is still not the number one economy of middle-east. It has to strive hard in order to be more competitive in the region. The economy of UAE is facing heavy competition from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Saudi Arabia has a lot of oil reserves and many seaports for international trade. The competition is intense. UAE has just managed to pass both Saudi Arabia and Egypt in the UAE (Abdul Basit) but it is still not enough to get a comprehensive lead in the economic standing of the region. Some of the recent threats to the UAE economy has include the recent Euro Crisis in Europe. IMF has issued a warning to the UAE that it could be hit by the worsening situation in Europe after the recent news of Spain seeking a 100 billion euros bail out. Other threats to the UAE economy include the heavy government subsidies by the government in the UAE and its agriculture sector. The obsolete tax system is ranked as a potential threat as well because it is very different from the tax system around the world. Job cuts in the Expanding UAE economy have also been listed as a potential threat to the economy as a whole (Bundhun). Diminishing Oil reserves in Dubai is also an issue that needs to be taken into account. Although UAE has been pretty successful in shifting from oil to nonoil exports, yet the focus should be on decreasing the oil exports further to create a provision for diminishing oil reserves. The emerging economic world powers in the world include China, India, Turkey, Russia, Brazil to name a few. UAE is a trading partner to china and the importance of trading partners is every high because china is also among the fastest growing emerging economies today. USA is going through a a bad patch right now because of its deteriorating economic conditions, but it is a strategic partner of UAE in trade and infrastructure. American goods and services discover a ready market here provided they bring a technological superiority or a new feature. Along with that US is also among the biggest competitor of UAE because of its high quality products with latest technology and after sales service. The competition is intensely high and UAE will have to focus on the quality and after sales service to compete effectively in the future (Interact). CONCLUSION Looking at all the recent developments and the achievements of UAE, it is true to say that UAE has been acting like a champion in the past decade with constant innovations and increased international trade. The introduction of E government and E commerce has helped the domestic economy lot in everyday life (Aya). The main focus of this system by UAE was to accelerate continuous in the economy. The International standing OF UAE has also improved a lot and it is now ranked 27th in the world and third in the UAE (Jones) which is no less than a milestone for them. The dependency on oil exports has increased and non-oil exports now comprise of more than 70% of the total exports, Dubai being the highest contributor in the non-oil exports sector. This will also prove to be an Asset for UAE in the times of oil crisis. The manufacturing sector of the economy is also booming and is now ranked as the number one manufacturing sector in the UAE. With all these milestones and achievements it is no t hard to believe that UAE will be among the best economies of the world till 2021.

Contrasting Poets Lawrence And Shapiro In Their Views Of Nature :: essays research papers fc

Contrasting Poets Lawrence and Shapiro in Their Views of Nature Throughout the history of literature, poetic views of nature has evolved through time. One of the most differing eras is the twentieth century. With it's non-classical views, the twentieth century is one of the most influential eras. While the Victorian era practiced traditional values, the twentieth century influences techniques of love and the loss of the beauty in nature. Poets of the same century have multiple views, many differing. Two major twentieth century poets are D.H. Lawrence and Karl Shapiro. D.H. Lawrence loves and is in touch with nature, while Karl Shapiro cares more of war and satires of government, not giving much thought to nature. Even though both poets share and differ in views, both are twentieth century poets. The twentieth century lasted from 1900-1939. It began at the dawn of the new century and in England, is set by the death of Queen Victoria. Reading attracted a large audience because of the tremendous growth in education opportunities (Granner, 616). One major downfall and factor of the twentieth century was World War I. This was had pulled up new roots that were "buried in the past," causing multiple conflicts between nations (Granner, 611). The war reflects the bitterness and troubles put on twentieth century poetry. The poets wrote of science fiction, anti-war protagonists, and ridicule of authority. Leading poets in the twentieth century are D.H. Lawrence, James Joyce, Joseph Conrad, Dylan Thomas, and H.G. Wells. D.H. Lawrence views on nature are more humanistic, rather than natural. He loves individuality and "inner self" (Magill, 1686). His writing were pure because of his adolescent puritan environment (Becker, 5). D.H. Lawrence, although in the twentieth century, is a die-hard romantic (Albright, 1). To Lawrence, nature was an item of beauty and creativity. He respects nature. In Lawrence's poem, "The Sea," he humanizes the sea. He states that the sea is "celebate and single," referring to a person. He treats this part of nature as if it is a real person. He does his with great passion showing his love for nature. He goes further stating, "Sea only you are free, sophisticated." Here again one views the humanistic views upon nature. Nature to Lawrence is an individual, trying to survive in this world of chaos. He refers to the sea as being a perfect individual. Throughout this poem, Lawrence constantly refers to nature as humanistic, much unlike most twentieth century poetry. He has the passion and love that most poets of that century do not. Karl Shapiro is another leading poet amongst the twentieth century.

Methamphetamine as a Sleepless Dream or Addictive Nightmare Essay

Methamphetamine as a Sleepless Dream or Addictive Nightmare Methamphetamine has reclaimed a place in the lexicon of "party" drugs. Hailed by nocturnal adventurers, condemned by raver idealists, is speed a sleepless dream or an addictive nightmare? Here at the end of the millennium, the pace of modern life seems fleeting -- a whirl of minutes, hours and days. In dealing with the changes, humans have equipped themselves with the tools to move faster, more efficiently. At the same time a dependence for the marketing, high-speed transportation and pharmacology of this modern age has evolved. In a race to outdo ourselves, we have moved dangerously toward the fine line between extinction and evolution. Therefore, the human capacity to handle the velocity becomes a fragile balance. Our generation (see Gen X, 20-somethings) could be considered the sleepless generation. An age of society's children weaned on the ideals of high-speed communication and accelerated culture has prided itself in mastering many of the facets of human existence -- doing more, sleeping less. The machines of this age have in a way enabled us to create a 24-hour lifestyle. We have pushed the limits of the modern world further -- ATMs, high-speed modems, smart bombs and bullet trains. However, the limitations of human existence, like sleep, may still provide the stumbling block for infinite realization. That is, without chemical aid. In many ways, capitalism fuels the idea. Our society is based upon the mass consumption of these substances. Cultural ideals, while seemingly benevolent as "Have a Coke and a smile" have sold the link to chemical substances like caffeine and nicotine to "the good life." Today, stimulants are the bedrock for consumer culture. For our generation, this appeal was heightened by raising the stakes in the '80s on what it meant to have fun. Late night clubs, high speed music and 24-hour lifestyles brought the specter of drugs to the fold as a necessity for being able to attain more. Leaps away from the psychedelics of the '60s, in the '80s these stimulant drugs became tools -- utilitarian devices to gain wealth, intelligence and prestige. Sleep became a barrier for success. Dreams were the frivolous luxuries of childhood. Raves, founded equally in the post-conservative underground late-'80s and the chaotic early-'90s, are pa... ..., however, by methamphetamine's nature -- as a refined, concentrated addictive substance -- it only perpetuates the cycle for needing more. There is very little factual information about amphetamines and their dangers available to the lay person. Research on the subject, aside from medical journals, is virtually nill. There is however a great deal of dangerous propaganda -- hear-say, lies, rumors. Misinformation sometimes is more dangerous than no information and real answers are only found through communication. Many other drugs have been part of the rave community over the years -- nitrous oxide, Special K (ketamine) and especially ecstasy (MDMA) but none have exhibited the burn-out or addiction rate associated with methamphetamine. While meth (or any drug) is an inert substance that we cannot attribute blame to, by its nature it has raised the question "Are we really built for speed?" It seems that the human body, while naturally resilient to much self-inflicted abuse, may not be a reliable container for the soul at high speeds. Methamphetamine may have the ability to chemically fuel the ride, physically it may just prove the limitations for human society.

Moliere

The principles of the Enlightenment can be found in several of the writings from this time period. There are a small amount of characteristics that are usually associated with the Enlightenment. People at this time started to apply realistic thoughts to make out and recognize nature and to direct their human existence. In Moliere’s Tartuffe, this is articulated all the way through the character of the king. Eventually, Tartuffe has brought an officer of the king back to take Orgon away. Though, in Tartuffe’s endeavour to get Orgon arrested, the king saw through him and explained that Tartuffe was the one to be charged and put to trial.One more important characteristic in the play is the desire for equality and dignity for all, the notion that all have a set of fundamental human rights. The Enlightenment also confronted several of the former ideologies, and one of such ideologies was unawareness. Tartuffe demonstrates these characteristics through the character Dorine, w ho is Mariane’s lady-maid; in other words, she is someone with a low social standing because she is a member of the working class. She is probably ignorant, as most are who have a low social status.Though, in the story, she is much smarter than Orgon and as well a lot more sensible. This illustrates that it does not matter what social class one comes from to find out their level of intelligence. Her proximity and acceptance by the family, with the exception of Orgon, illustrates that people can be looked at for their own worth and value. Dorine is an important person from a lower social standing than the family, however, she is capable of socializing and making friends with the family she works for.One more challenge is to false notion, dishonesty, as well as tyrannical traditions. Tartuffe is a character that is associated with the church and so far is a very misleading, deceitful character. He is capable of conning Orgon into letting him into his home. In addition, Orgon is misled into disinheriting his own son and leaving all the heritages to Tartuffe.Orgon is an example of the repressive person who makes an effort to maintain complete control. His control conventionally extends over his family, particularly his daughter. In the story, she is to supposed to get married to the man she loves, however when Tartuffe enters the picture, Orgon withdraws his promise to her fiancà ©, also tells her she is to marry Tartuffe instead. Despite the fact that, Orgon is challenged by his family, who work to show Tartuffe is a con-artist. This is in straight opposition to the conventional power structure of society and brings into question the right of this structure.These are just a few instances of how the Enlightenment ideals are depicted in the works of the time, particularly in Tartuffe. Tartuffe as a result enthused up the clergy, with its clever lampoon of religious extremists and hypocrites, that it was banned for 5 years. That was a mild punishment: a numb er of clerics wanted the playwright burned as a heretic. In its place, he was excommunicated. Regardless of this, the Catholic Encyclopedia asserts Molià ¨re as one of the faithful.What is little known at present is that Molià ¨re was a student of science, a devotee of the skeptical Lucretius; he quotes the Roman poet in The Misanthrope as well as an individualist in religion. The final scene in Molià ¨re's Don Juan was illustrated by a contemporary as a school of skepticism where, after making a clever Atheist say the most awful immoralities, he commended the cause of God to a valet who says ludicrous things. Don Juan was banned. (Michael Rothberg, 1993)Talking about of Molià ¨re's probity, the Catholic writer said religion has no value near the author of Tartuffe. Molià ¨re's Christianity was not as deep as that of Corneille, Racine, Boileau, and almost all the famous writers of his time. Moreover so far, when there was query of his being given Christian interment, and the cu re fluctuated, on the ground that the priest had arrived too late to give absolution to the comedian, who, it might almost be said, passed from the stage to the court of God, his widow provided evidence that he had received the sacraments in the last preceding paschal season.The description in the Catholic Encyclopedia confuses the facts. Molià ¨re was performing the leading role in The Imaginary Invalid when he collapsed onstage. He died that night, at his Paris home, on February 17, 1673. His wife called the priest, who rejected to come, he was an excommunicate, in any case, whom the learned Catholic work fails to mention, and merely under duress from the king was Molià ¨re buried with a priest in attendance. He was buried at night, in grounds held in reserve for suicides. He is at present considered the best comic playwright France has produced. It was Molià ¨re who said, â€Å"We die only once, and for such a long time†. (Mccarthy, 2002).Work CitedGerry Mccarthy, 2002. The Theatres of Moliaere; Routledge.Michael Rothberg, 1993. Marketing Power: The Seduction of Rhetoric in ‘Dom Juan.' Journal article; The Romanic Review, Vol. 84Research Paper OutlineI. Thesis: The principles of the Enlightenment can be found in several of the writings from this time period.II. Topic Sentence: This was the age of motive.III. Supporting Details:People at this time started to apply realistic thoughts to make out and recognize nature and to direct their human existence.Ideology of the EnlightenmentDishonesty and deceptionsd.  Ã‚   TartouffeIV. Moliere:  Life  Productions  ReligionV. Conclusion:The description in the Catholic Encyclopedia confuses the facts. Molià ¨re was performing the leading role in The Imaginary Invalid when he collapsed onstage. He died that night, at his Paris home, on February 17, 1673. His wife called the priest, who rejected to come, he was an excommunicate, in any case, whom the learned Catholic work fails to mention, and mere ly under duress from the king was Molià ¨re buried with a priest in attendance. He was buried at night, in grounds held in reserve for suicides.  He is at present considered the best comic playwright France has produced. It was Molià ¨re who said, â€Å"We die only once, and for such a long time†. (Gerry Mccarthy, 2002).I reviewed your comments on my proposal and realized that my topic and research paper required a lot of revision. I decided that it would probably be best for me narrow my topic and start over.  Here’s my first proposal with the comments attached.During the Enlightenment Period, religion greatly impacted the lives of most Europeans. The predominant religion was Christianity. Although most Europeans shared the same religion, there were still divisions among them. Everyone had their own viewpoints on what it meant to be a Christian or how a Christian should live his or her life. So was the case in France. Such diverse ways of practicing religion cau sed many conflicts here. Similarly, this play too, highlights such conflicts.I chose to write about religion during the Enlightenment Period because it’s exemplified in Moliere’s Tartouffe. So far Tartouffe is my favorite reading assignment this semester. I think that I will be able to find a lot of information on religion during the Enlightenment Period. I also think there may be several available sources to find information about how Christianity impacted the lives of individuals who lived in that time period. I am also more familiar with this subject. I still can't grasp your exact topic here.This sounds very general and broad. The reader needs a clear direction. ***Which aspects of Christianity during Moliere's time shed light on the actual text Tartuffe? What problems did these present? Which characters will you examine (select only one or two from the play to keep this focused and clear). This is a question you might ask yourself before crafting a focused thesis statement.In my research paper I will be highlighting the similarities of the â€Å"Devots† of the Enlightenment Period and characters in Tartouffe. I hope to show how certain ideas or perspectives have the ability to both dominate and blind individuals regarding religion.I will be using The American Century Dictionary, The American Journey by Goldfield that discusses French culture and several internet articles to support my points in the research paper.  During the Enlightenment Period, religion greatly impacted the lives of most Europeans. The predominant religion was Christianity. Although most Europeans shared the same religion, there were still divisions among them. Everyone had their own viewpoints on what it meant to be a Christian or how a Christian should live his or her life.Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere, a European writer, noted the behavior of his fellow countrymen and decided to write a comical play about it.  The â€Å"Devots† made up a large portio n of the Christian religion during the Enlightenment Period. The â€Å"Devots† were self-proclaimed righteous people. They were hypocrites who condemned anyone who didn’t think like them.Inspired by the â€Å"Devots†, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere wrote a comical play making fun of their behavior. The name of Moliere’s play is Tartouffe.  Madame Pernelle, a character in Tartuffe, most identifies with the â€Å"Devots† from the Enlightenment. She sees herself as a devout Christian Women. However, every one in her family except her son Orgon sees her as she truly is; a hypocrite. She is one who is quick to judge and tries to justify her harsh words by insinuating that she only says what God tells her to say. When she was rude to her daughter-in-laws brother Cleante she tried to justify her behavior by saying â€Å"it behooves us not to mince words when righteous fervor moves us.†Like Madame Pernelle in Tartouffe, the â€Å"Devots† of the Enlightenment Period were self righteous hypocrites proclaiming to be ideal Christians. They had a negative impact on the lives of those who chose not to follow them.